Dividends

When a company distributes a portion of its profits to its shareholders as a cash dividend or additional shares.

Rights Issues

When a company offers its existing shareholders the opportunity to purchase additional shares at a discounted price.

Stock Splits

When a company divides its existing shares into multiple shares. For example, a 2-for-1 stock split would double the number of shares outstanding while reducing the price per share by half.

Stock Buybacks

When a company repurchases its own shares from the market, reducing the number of shares outstanding and potentially increasing the value of remaining shares.

Mergers and Acquisitions

When two or more companies combine their operations or when one company acquires another company. This can involve the exchange of shares or cash payments.

Bonus Issues

When a company issues additional shares to its existing shareholders without requiring any payment, usually based on the number of shares they already hold.

Spin-offs

When a company separates one of its business divisions into a separate independent entity, with the new entity having its own shares and ownership structure.